B2: Upper Intermediate
B2: Idioms, Idiomatic Usage, and Structures
- Using se debe/se puede to say You must/you can (impersonal sentences)
- Using the subjunctive with negative opinion phrases
- Using El Imperfecto Subjuntivo in hypothetical clauses introduced by si followed by El Condicional Simple
- Using El Preterito Perfecto de Subjuntivo after esperar que to express a completed action in the past
- Using [verb] + tan + [adjective/adverb] + que to say "so... that..."
- Using [verb] + tanto/a/os/as + [noun]+ que = [verb] so much/many...that...
- Using gustar to express personal attraction
- Using demonstrative adjectives to refer to time (present, past and future)
- Using conjunction al + infinitive/perfect infinitive = when doing/ because of doing [something]
- Using preposition a + infinitive to express a command
- Using verbs seguir/continuar + gerund = to keep on [doing something]
- Using the subjunctive with impersonal expressions
- Using the subjunctive to express doubt or uncertainty
- Using the subjunctive with verbs that express "wish" and "feeling"
- El Imperfecto progresivo vs El Indefinido progresivo (was +ing)
- Using que to introduce a warning or threat
- Using que to express cause
- Using poder to say could have [done something] (modal verbs)
- Using El Imperfecto vs El indefinido (general use)
- Using querer in El pretérito Indefinido vs El pretérito Imperfecto
- Using poder in El pretérito Indefinido vs El pretérito Imperfecto (could in past actions)
- Quedarse + [gerund] = to do something continuously
- Using convertirse en / ponerse / hacerse / quedarse to express "to become" (verbs of change)
- Using the subjunctive with impersonal expressions in the conditional (Sería+adjective+que)
- Using haber to say would have [done something]
- Using poder in El pretérito Perfecto and El Pretérito Indefinido for "could" in past actions
- Using the gerund to say while [doing something]
- Impersonal sentences using the ellos form of the verb
- Aunque + El Presente vs El Presente de Subjuntivo
- Using El Preterito Perfecto de Subjuntivo after esperar que to express a completed action in the future
- Using Qué poco/s + verb/noun to express surprise about a small quantity or infrequency
- Using the verb ser in El Imperfecto vs. El Indefinido
- Using the verb estar in El Imperfecto vs. El Indefinido
- Using the verb tener in El Imperfecto vs. El Indefinido
- Deber versus Deber de (obligation and assumption)
- Using the "accidental" reflexive (se) with an indirect object pronoun
- Using Hacía + length of time + que + the imperfect tense to express duration in the past
- Using volverse to express to become/to turn (verbs of change)
- Antes de/Después de followed by haber + participle
- Using antes de que/después de que with indicative or subjunctive (subordinate time clauses)
- Cuanto más/cuanto menos... for The more/The less...
- Using quisiera for I would like (alternative to querría)
- Using El Subjuntivo after puede que to express possibility
- Using desde que / hasta que (since/until) with indicative and subjunctive (subordinate time clauses)
- Para que followed by El Imperfecto de Subjuntivo (purpose subordinate clauses)
- Using the infinitive to express a request/command/give instructions
- Using haber + participle (perfect infinitive)
- Using El Futuro Perfecto to talk about the past (future perfect)
- Using El Futuro Perfecto to talk about completed actions in the future with reference to another future action (future perfect)
- Pedir followed by El Presente de Subjuntivo to ask someone to do something
- Pedir followed by El Imperfecto de Subjuntivo to ask someone to do something
- How to say "must have [done something] with the verb deber
- Using ser de un/una [noun]
- Por culpa de/gracias a = because of/thanks to
- Some adjectives change meaning when used with ser or estar
- Impersonal statements followed by the infinitive or by the subjunctive with que
- Para que followed by El Presente de Subjuntivo (purpose subordinate clauses)
- Como/cuando/donde/quien with indicative or subjunctive
- How to say I can't wait/I can't wait to do something with "no ver la hora (de/en que)"
- How to say "to have something done" in Spanish - mainly beauty and body contexts
- Using El Condicional to talk about a future in the past
- Using El Imperfecto de Subjuntivo with verbs giving advice/order (sugerir, recomendar, prohibir)
- How to use olvidar/olvidarse for "to forget" (pronominal verbs/accidental se)
- Using El Presente de Subjuntivo with verbs giving advice / order (sugerir, recomendar, prohibir)
B2: Verbs Tenses & Conjugation
- Conjugate regular verbs in El Futuro Perfecto (future perfect)
- Conjugate irregular verbs in El Futuro Perfecto
- Conjugate regular verbs in El Condicional Perfecto
- Conjugate irregular verbs in El Condicional Perfecto
- Deber in El Conditional Simple + haber + participle = should have
- Using adverbial clauses para que, antes (de) que, hasta que, con tal (de) que, etc. + El Presente de Subjuntivo (present subjunctive)
- Conjugate verbs in El Imperfecto de Subjuntivo
- Conjugate estar in El Imperfecto de Subjuntivo
- Conjugate tener in El Imperfecto de Subjuntivo
- Conjugate regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs in El Pretérito Perfecto Subjuntivo (present perfect subjunctive)
- Conjugate hacer, escribir, poner and other irregular verbs in El Pretérito Perfecto Subjuntivo
- Conjugate haber in El Imperfecto de Subjuntivo
- Conjugate verbs in El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo (pluperfect subjunctive)
- Using the imperfect subjunctive after the conjunction como si (subordinate manner clauses)
- Forming the passive voice with ser + participle (+ por) (passive - simple tenses)
- Conjugate c>z -cer/-cir verbs in El Presente de Subjuntivo (present subjunctive)
- Conjugate irregular verb jugar in El presente de Subjuntivo (present subjunctive)
- Conjugate o > ue and z >c change verbs in El Presente de Subjuntivo (present subjunctive)
- Conjugate -ger and -gir verbs with g > j and e > i change in El Presente de Subjuntivo (present subjunctive)
- Querer que is always followed by El Subjuntivo (imperfect subjunctive)
- Cuando + indicative for past events (subordinate time clauses)
B2: Pronouns
- Using preposition [except a and de] + el que, la que, los que, las que = with/for/on which (relative pronouns)
- Using Cuánto + verb in exclamations about quantities
- Using [preposition] + lo que = with, for, on + what (relative pronouns)
- Using preposition a and de + el que, la que, los que, las que = to/of/from/about which/who (relative pronouns)
- Repetition of direct object pronouns
- Using algo de + noun to express some of/a bit of [something]
- Using Todo aquel que for "anyone who/whoever/those who" (demonstratives)
- Repetition of indirect object pronouns with verbs (general)
- Relative clauses with the indicative and the subjunctive (subordinate relative clauses)
- Ello versus eso (it/that): pronouns
- Position of reflexive and direct object pronouns with infinitive/gerund and affirmative commands
- Animar vs Animarse (pronominal verbs)
- Acordar vs Acordarse (pronominal verbs)
- Dormir vs Dormirse (pronominal verbs)
- Dejar vs Dejarse
B2: Prepositions & Conjunctions
- Using por (not para) to express "on behalf of"
- Using para (not por) to express unequal relations/surprising facts
- Use the infinitive after prepositions (not gerund)
- Aunque + El Imperfecto de Subjuntivo
- Ya que/ Puesto que/ Porque/No porque followed by indicative/subjunctive (subordinate causal clauses)
- Mientras with past tenses in the indicative and subjunctive (subordinate time/conditional clauses)
- Si [if] followed by past tenses in the indicative
- Siempre que/a condición de que (subordinate conditional clauses)
- Según / conforme = as / as per / according to (subordinate manner clause)
- Using por for due to / because of / for (subordinate causal clauses)
- Sin/sin que + infinitive/subjuntive (subordinate manner clause)
- Según / conforme / a medida que for "as / when / at the same time as" (subordinate time clause)