Spanish language Q&A Forum

I have had this problem for a while, and no Spanish speaker can readily explain it:

In English, an adjectival form can only describe a noun; for a verb, you must use the adjectival form. The only exception of which I know is "I am well." Because so few English speakers have good grammar these days, "I am good" has become a colloquialism that is acceptable. But one can never say "I cook good" or "He lives happy".

But in Spanish, I see this all the time though Spanish speakers also acknowledge the rule that adverbs, not adjectives, describe verbs. In this lesson, I just saw it again: 

Espero que vivas feliz en tu apartamento nuevo.

No entiendo que el “este” significa en esta frase :(

I don't understand why I am told that it should be "Alberto llora MUY a menudo".  

Everything; the lesson included; tells me it should be "mucho".

In terms of usage, can había considered to be the the past tense of hay? Había  =There was' vs. Hay = 'there is'?

    Pass me that [thing] which there next to you please.

    (HINT: Use the correct word for "that" acting as a direct object)

With "lo" (the correct answer was "eso").   And "lo" still seems correct to me without context.  IE "Pass me that which is next to you please." or something like that.   I think the import of the lesson is that, in cases where "the thing" has been previously mentioned, "eso" or "ello" is more correct. 

  
Here are my questions, assuming I've got the idea right about the eso/ello usage above ;-) :

  
1. Should the question provide the context ?   IE "HINT: Use the correct pronoun for something mentioned previously acting as a direct object." 

  
2.  Either way, isn't the question a little weird?   I mean, if we already talked about the thing, why would I also specify its location?   I mean, wouldn't I just say "Pass me that thing (we talked about), please" ?  
Thanks!

  Alan

I was reading this sentence:

The cat walks out the window.

El gato sale a la calle por la ventana.

It seemed to me that this means more like: The cat go out through

the window.  So I put it into Google, which gave: 

Google: The cat goes outside through the window. Then tried another site:

Reverso: The cat walks out the window.and they translated it as: The cat walks out the window.

I would appreciate getting a clarification on this.  Thank you.

I am having a small issue. The summary box that should show the list of conjugations is empty. I have been seeing this issue recently with the future tense. Can you help with this?