Spanish Perfective Aspect
The perfective aspect indicates an action, event or state that was, is, or will be complete ("perfect"), in the past, present or future. It describes a situation that takes place within a single undivided moment. The duration of that moment and its internal temporal structure are irrelevant.
When you say Yo he leído ese libro (I've read that book), you're simply expressing that the reading occurred without saying anything about that process or how long it took.
For example
- Nosotros comimos juntos.- We ate together.
- Mi hermano ha visitado Madrid dos veces. - My brother has visited Madrid twice.
- Ellos no me han dicho quién se había comido el helado. - They haven't told me who had eaten the ice cream.
