Stem-changing Spanish c>zc verbs in the present tense
Spanish verbs that end in a vowel + -cer/-cir swap the -c- for a -zc- in the yo form. For example conocer (to know/meet):yo | conozco |
tú | conoces |
él / ella / Ud. | conoce |
nosotros / nosotras | conocemos |
vosotros / vosotras | conocéis |
ellos / ellas / Uds. | conocen |
There are two common verbs, hacer and decir, that are exceptions to this rule. They have a different irregularity.
Some other verbs affected by this specific consonant switch are:
- conducir (to drive)
- permanecer (to stay)
- ofrecer (to offer)
- producir (to produce)
- introducir (to intruduce)